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Tetra
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Tetra is the common name of many small characiform fishes. Tetras come from , , and , belonging to the biological families , (the "African tetras"), , , Acestrorhynchidae, , and Acestrorhamphidae. In the past, all of these families were placed in the Characidae. The Characidae and their allies are distinguished from other fish by the presence of a small adipose fin between the and caudal fins. Many of these, such as the ( Paracheirodon innesi), are brightly colored and easy to keep in captivity. Consequently, they are extremely popular for home .

Tetra is no longer a taxonomic, term. It is short for , a genus name formerly applied to many of these fish, which is for "square-finned" (literally, four-sided-wing).

Because of the popularity of tetras in the , many unrelated fish are commonly known as tetras, including species from different families. Even vastly different fish may be called tetras. For example, ( Hydrolycus scomberoides) is occasionally known as the "" or "vampire tetra".

Tetras generally have compressed (sometimes deep), bodies and are typically identifiable by their fins. They ordinarily possess a homocercal (a twin-lobed, or forked, tail fin whose upper and lower lobes are of equal size) and a tall dorsal fin characterized by a short connection to the fish's body.Carey, R. Tetras and Barbs: A Complete Guide to the Successful Care and Breeding of Two of the Most Popular Groups of Aquarium Fish. TFH Publications, Inc., 2009 Additionally, tetras possess a long anal fin stretching from a position just posterior of the dorsal fin and ending on the ventral caudal peduncle, and a small, fleshy adipose fin located dorsally between the dorsal and caudal fins. This adipose fin represents the fourth unpaired fin on the fish (the four unpaired fins are the caudal fin, dorsal fin, anal fin, and adipose fin), lending to the name tetra, which is Greek for four. While this adipose fin is generally considered the distinguishing feature, some tetras (such as the emperor tetras, Nematobrycon palmeri) lack this appendage. Ichthyologists debate the function of the adipose fin, doubting its role in swimming due to its small size and lack of stiffening rays or spines.Moyle, P., & Cech, J. Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology (5th ed.). Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, 2004

Although the list below is sorted by common name, in a number of cases, the common name is applied to different species. Since the aquarium trade may use a different name for the same species, advanced tend to use scientific names for the less-common tetras. The list below is incomplete.

Species
Tetra species: A–D

  • , Lepidarchus adonis
  • African long-finned tetra, Brycinus longipinnis
  • African moon tetra, Bathyaethiops caudomaculatus
  • Arnold's tetra, Arnoldichthys spilopterus
  • , Psalidodon fasciatus
  • , Moenkhausia dichroura
  • Barred glass tetra, Phenagoniates macrolepis
  • , Hemigrammus ocellifer
  • Belgian flag tetra, Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus
  • black morpho tetra, Poecilocharax weitzmani
  • Black neon tetra, Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi
  • Black phantom tetra, Hyphessobrycon megalopterus
  • or butterfly tetra, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi
  • , Gymnocorymbus thayer
  • Black wedge tetra, Hemigrammus pulcher
  • , Hyphessobrycon scholzei
  • , Tyttocharax madeirae
  • , Hyphessobrycon rosaceus
  • Black-jacket tetra, Moenkhausia takasei
  • , Hyphessobrycon scholzei
  • Bleeding heart tetra, Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma
  • , Stygichthys typhlops
  • , Brittanichthys axelrodi
  • , Aphyocharax anisitsi
  • , Hyphessobrycon wadai
  • blue tetra, Boehlkea fredcochui
  • blue tetra, Mimagoniates microlepis
  • blue tetra, Tyttocharax madeirae
  • , Exodon paradoxus
  • Buenos Aires tetra, Psalidodon anisitsi
  • , Hyphessobrycon eques
  • calypso tetra, Hyphessobrycon axelrodi
  • Candy cane tetra, Hyphessobrycon sp. HY511
  • , Paracheirodon axelrodi
  • , Carlana eigenmanni
  • Cochu's blue tetra, Knodus borki
  • Colombian tetra, Hyphessobrycon columbianus
  • , Astyanax aeneus
  • Coffee-bean tetra, Hyphessobrycon takasei
  • , Astyanax nasutus
  • , Phenacogrammus interruptus
  • , Hasemania melanura
  • , Hemigrammus hyanuary
  • , Bryconamericus scleroparius
  • , Bryconamericus terrabensis
  • Croaking tetra, Mimagoniates inequalis
  • Croaking tetra, Mimagoniates lateralis
  • Croaking tetra, Mimagoniates microlepis
  • , Aphyocharax paraguayensis
  • Dawn tetra, Hyphessobrycon eos
  • , Moenkhausia pittieri
  • , Brachychalcinus orbicularis
  • , Myleus schomburgkii
  • , Pseudocorynopoma doriae

E–Q

R–Z

  • rainbow tetra, Nematobrycon lacortei
  • rainbow tetra, Nematobrycon palmeri
  • Red eye tetra, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae
  • Red phantom tetra, Hyphessobrycon sweglesi
  • or rio tetra, Hyphessobrycon flammeus
  • , Copeina guttata
  • , Hyphessobrycon rosaceus
  • , Inpaichthys kerri
  • , Axelrodia riesei
  • , Petitella rhodostoma
  • brilliant rummy-nose tetra, Petitella bleheri
  • , Crenuchus spilurus
  • , Hyphessobrycon savagei
  • , Hyphessobrycon stegemanni
  • , Pterobrycon myrnae
  • , Hyphessobrycon eques
  • , Micralestes acutidens
  • Silver tetra, Ctenobrycon spilurus
  • Silver tetra, Gymnocorymbus thayeri
  • Silver tetra, Micralestes acutidens
  • , Hasemania melanura
  • , Hasemania nana
  • , Copella arnoldi
  • , Hyphessobrycon socolofi
  • , Moenkhausia dichroura
  • , Copella nattereri
  • Swegles's tetra, Hyphessobrycon sweglesi
  • , Bryconops caudomaculatus
  • Three-lined African tetra, Neolebias trilineatus
  • Tietê tetra, Brycon insignis
  • , Hyphessobrycon tortuguerae
  • transparent tetra, Charax gibbosus
  • True big-scale tetra, Brycinus macrolepidotus
  • , Cheirodon interruptus
  • White spot tetra, Aphyocharax paraguayensis
  • x-ray tetra, Pristella maxillaris
  • , Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus
  • Yellow-tailed African tetra, Alestopetersius caudalis

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